Charles Darwin was 22 when he went on a boat trip around the world as a naturalist. At that time it was 1831 and in England Church was a very important, God created everything around you as it is and that is all we had to know. But while going on that trip Charles found weird looking, giant bones, shells on mountains, and animal looking bones looking like animals existing but much bigger. When he came back from his trip Charles was so amazed with all he saw that he started studying extremely hard on what he had found, and tried to find answers to all those questions floating in his mind. This is how he had the idea of the Theory of Evolution. The Theory of Evolution explains many things. The first thing that it explains is that species evolve with time to adapt with their changing environment, for the survival of the specie. This theory states that all species come from a same common specie, as we now think are bacteria. It is like a tree, it starts with a common specie, a common trunk, and then branches of in different adaptations of those species and on and on. Some branches stop but some continue. That is caused by Natural Selection, only the species that can adapt to their environment are able to survive. Also all animals compete to stay alive, the one that is the slowest or has a bad camouflage gets eaten by a predator, the predator that doesn't hunt well doesn't eat. Evolution happen in a specie over a long period of time. Sometimes alleles are mutated during Miosis. Most of the time does small mutation are useless, minor, but sometimes it helps a specie survive and it is passed on through generation and generations, creating a new specie. Here is a simple video to help you understand how it works.
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